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How to Incorporate Copper into Your Interior Design

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Metal has been used as part of interior design for years. Whether you’re looking for a great way to make your belongings last longer to save money, or you’re searching for the perfect way to spice up your interior design, metal is the perfect choice. From stunning silver to vibrant brass to shiny gold, it’s a highly versatile and durable option for a wide range of items within your home.

In particular, copper has been popular due to its high resistance, malleability, and conductivity. This makes it ideal for plumbing, piping, and kitchen utensils. However, copper is not just a functional metal. With its stunning finish and warm tone, it can take your interior design to the next level. A copper sheet can bring a plain piece of furniture to life and gives your living space a touch of elegance.

So, how exactly do you incorporate copper into your home?

Home Accessories

Buying copper accessories is a great stepping stone if you’re not quite ready to go all out with using copper on your walls or in your furniture. Buying copper kitchen utensils, pots, and pans to keep on display in your kitchen is a simple and easy way to use the metal in your décor.

Bedding, pillows, and other bedroom accessories also look great with a touch of copper to contract the rest of your décor. Whether your style is contemporary, neutral, natural, or vintage, copper makes the perfect accent.

You can buy copper mirrors or pictures frames to hang up on the walls as an alternative to traditional gold and silver frames. It reflects natural light to produce a gorgeous golden glow. Place your copper frames near to window and doors to maximize the rosy tones across your room.

Tables and Chairs

Whether it’s made out of copper or painted a gorgeous copper tone, there are several pieces of furniture that you can buy to easily incorporate this stunning metal into your home. Tables, chairs, kitchen cupboards, sideboards, bedside cabinets…the list is endless. If you don’t want to buy brand-new items, grab a tin of copper paint to coat your existing furniture and experience copper in all its glory.

Handles

Replace your old and rusty doorknobs and cabinet handles with copper and your whole house will immediately gain a whole new breath of life. Although they are just a small part of your interior décor, changing your handles makes all the difference and since copper is a highly durable material, you won’t have to worry about replacing them any time soon.

Light Fixtures

Copper looks beautiful as part of modern-day lighting options, such as lamps, chandeliers, and ceiling fixtures. It reflects the light tremendously and can brighten a dark room immediately. As it’s easy to clean your lights can remain shiny and new for years to come.

Flooring

Copper can be incorporated into several flooring materials. You can get carpets that contain flecks of copper to add a hint of shimmer or concrete embossed tiles with stunning copper patterns. This is a subtle way to add the metal into your home if you’re testing the waters before committing to copper accessories and furniture.

Drug and Alcohol Addiction and Mental Health Issues

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The terms mental health issues, drug addiction, and alcohol addiction are correlated as a person encountering severe mental health illness is most often liable to substance misuse. Substantial numbers of people (30-50%) addicted to a particular substance or alcohol deal with severe mental health illnesses.

Drug and alcohol misusers are at greater probability of completion and suicide attempts due to mental health disorders. Psychiatric disorders or mental illnesses such as post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, and psychosis are more common in individuals with alcohol dependence.

Drug Addiction In The UK

The reports put forward by the centre for social justice in 2013 declared the UK as an “addiction capital of Europe” on the basis of an increased level of addiction among citizens. The addiction can also be of legal substances like hallucinogens, cocaine, alcohol, meth, and heroin.

Addiction to illicit drugs is on tremendous hype in the UK apart from legal drug addiction. In addition to this, the UK also has a sky-high proportion of opioid addiction and the highest lifetime consumption of ecstasy and amphetamines.

Statistics For Drug Addiction

Around 2.6 million people are addicted or somewhere dependent on Cannabis, the most abused drug after alcohol. Even though less than a million users are overwhelmed by cocaine, still it is getting more insignificant adaptation among people day after day and making abuse.

The percentage of illicit drug deployment among individuals aged 16 to 59 is 9.4%, it is 20.3% in young adults of age 16 to 24, 9.8% in urban areas, and 7.7% in rural areas. Drug addiction is more common in people with a lower level of happiness than in persons with higher happiness levels.

Alcohol Addiction In The UK

Despite being legal, alcohol misuse or abuse is one of the most critical problems faced by the UK. Overuse of alcohol or mental and physical reliance on alcohol leads to alcohol addiction or alcoholism. In more than 60 chronic medical conditions, alcohol is considered a causal factor like mouth, liver, stomach, breast, and throat cancer; depression, high blood pressure, cirrhosis of the liver.

Statistics Of Alcohol Abuse

Hundreds of thousands of individuals are badly addicted to this mind-impairing substance and become a hazard to others. Consumption of 14 units of alcohol or more minor on a daily basis can reduce health risks to the lowest level in both men and women, as reported by UKs’ chief medical officers.

In contrast, 7% of adults surpass the recommended alcohol dosage prescribed by medical officers. Moreover, men alone account for 63% of total alcohol-related deaths. According to one of the statistical reports of the NHS, 7.5 million people have signs of alcohol dependence, and 4 in 10 do not complete their recovery program.

The Mental Health Issues In The UK

Life is a circle of various ups and downs, and these ups and downs come with lots of mental health problems such as stress, anxiety, sleep problems or insomnia, low mood or depression, and this also affects work-life balance. It is the second-largest source of disease burden in England. These are more recurrent, impactful, and long-lasting than other health conditions. The key factors that contribute toward mental issues are

  • Social inequality and other disadvantages
  • Discrimination and social exclusion
  • Severe traumatic experiences
  • Physical health differences

How Common Are Mental Health Issues

More people fall prey to mental health problems in the UK every year than heart or cancer diseases. Statistics reveal that onset of mental problems is 1 in every 4 people, while 1 in every 6 reports their problems.

The mental illnesses of percentage 70 starts before age 18. The suicide rate is found to be more in men of age 40-49. Reports from Wales and England show that 1 in 8 people suffering from mental health accompany the treatment, while 70-75% receive no treatment at all.

Final Words

If you are someone or someone known to you who has been diagnosed with drug addiction, alcohol addiction or mental health issues, you must contact a reliable treatment centre. There are a plethora of options available, similarly Balance Luxury Rehab UK, based in London impartially benefit people dealing with mental health issues, drug or alcohol addiction with the fruitful professional shoulders.

At Balance, you will find plenty of support and help, practical tips, and expert advice if you struggle with mental health illness and drug or alcohol addiction. Balance get hold of comprehensive medical care with patient-friendly cut-corners, thereby putting forth increasing retention by utilising its world-class luxury accommodation treatment facilities given as;

  • Yoga therapy
  • Meditation
  • Art and music therapy
  • Private chef to prepare gourmet food
  • Personal driver
  • Regular housekeeping
  • Private Luxury villas for each client
  • A wide pool
  • A big garden
  • Private nurses

So, to sum up, if someone gets diagnosed with mental health issues, alcohol and drug addiction can get cured with the masterful provision of professional help.

CAPTCHA and its Alternatives: A Review

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A visual captcha is an image that contains a hard-to-read string of letters or numbers that you must type over to prove that you are not a spambot.

This anti-spam technique is widely used when commenting on a blog, contact forms, or in sign-up procedures. The problem is greatest for the blind and visually impaired but dyslexics also struggle. The accessibility problem transcends the lack of alt text because such a visual captcha leads to these visitors not being able to submit a form and thus not responding to a blog post, not asking a question through the contact form, and not creating a Twitter account. In this article, we give some possible alternatives to the visual captcha.

No captcha

You don’t want to receive spam. To achieve that, you bother every visitor with those unreadable letters they have to type. You solve your spam problem by creating a problem for all your visitors with good intentions. Just from a usability standpoint, that’s not a good idea. So look for a spam protection that doesn’t plague your visitors. It might be a little less effective than the visual captcha, but better two spam messages in your mailbox than two customers not completing their order in your webshop.

Honeypot

Spam-bots will try to fill in all fields of a form. To add a field that the visitor does not see and does not have to fill out. If it is filled in anyway, you are almost certainly dealing with a spammer. So in form validation, you do the opposite of what you normally do: only accept if the field is empty.

Note: hiding things is not always reliable. Those who disable CSS and users of Some screen readers will see something with CSS property display: none anyway. So give this field a label as well explaining that the user may skip this field if they should encounter it anyway.

This anti-spam honeypot solution is quite reliable until the spammer has found which field is the honeypot. Therefore, make the field look as normal as possible for a script that analyzes code: give it the same attributes as all other input fields, don’t put it as the last field in the form, be a little more creative when hiding the field than class=”hidden” or class=”invisible” and don’t name the honeypot field name=”honeypot” or name=”leaveBlank”. Instead, make it “attractive” by calling it name=”email”, for example, and feel free to add a * as well.

Enough time

Humans take longer than robots to fill out a form. Time is money for the spammer so the bot wants to work as fast as possible. This is what distinguishes “him” from a human. Refuse to submit a form within, say, ten seconds of the page loading. jQuery tutorial: Safer Contact Forms Without Captchas.

Akismet

Akismet is indispensable for bloggers to stop spam. There is no captcha involved. They examine each post before it enters your database and mark it as spam or not. It is available for many systems like WordPress and Fork CMS and there is even an API. It is free for personal use.

Filtering emails

This technique is best suited for contact forms: configure your email program or web server so that it does proper spam filtering. This way you avoid all spam in your mailbox, not just the spam from your contact form. Then you really don’t need to send a captcha to your visitors anymore.

Too complicated? Then get a Gmail address and send your messages there. Gmail is damn good at filtering spam.

Alternative to the visual captcha

The previous techniques are preferred because a visitor with good intentions won’t even notice that there is a spam protection on it and therefore won’t lose time or get frustrated by it. The following are some alternatives that do require an extra action from the visitor.

Email verification

Send an email containing a link that people have to click to confirm the transaction. This technique is great when registering on a website. Anyone surfing the web will also have an email address. This technique is perhaps less appropriate when posting a comment on a blog or with a contact form. It is used a lot for “I forgot my password” so it should be reasonably safe.

Verification by phone

Websites sometimes send an SMS with a code that you must enter in the web page, but this seems a bit more delicate. Does everyone want to give their phone number to any site?

Ask a question

You can add an extra question to your form which you are pretty sure the visitor knows the answer to, but which the spambot doesn’t understand. Often one uses a math or textual question.

This technique is reliable until the spambot does understand the question and can provide the answers. This is also not a good technique if the question is too difficult for the visitor or if he does not understand why he has to answer this question that usually has nothing to do with the purpose of the form he is filling out.

Audio Captcha

To solve the problem of visual captcha for the blind and visually impaired (not deafblind), more and more websites are giving the option to listen to the number or letter sequence instead of deciphering it visually. In one of the very first AnySurfer blog posts, this topic was already discussed, and to show that it doesn’t have to be so difficult, former colleague Roel Van Gils created something in PHP himself: Audio Captchas in Practice. Mollom works with letters and names them with the Nato alphabet (Alfa, Bravo, Charlie, Delta, Echo, …). An additional advantage of Mollom is that it only displays a captcha if the input is suspicious.

Unfortunately, there is no such thing as perfect security

Every security system will be broken sooner or later. If your site is popular enough with spammers, they will take advantage of it. In some cases, it even pays people to solve visual captchas so the bot can prove it is human. If you have a modest Dutch-language weblog, there’s not much chance of them picking out your site. And if you change the standard forms of your CMS a bit, you are already much less vulnerable.

Conclusion

Inaccessible anti-spam techniques deny access to essential parts of a website. Captchas are inaccessible:

  • If you have to be able to see to decipher the code in the image,
  • If you have to wield the mouse to click on the poes,
  • If there is an audio alternative but unintelligible as with reCaptcha,

Use one of the first techniques if you get too much spam. You can choose a question that everyone understands and can fill out, such as a math question. If you choose an audio captcha, test if it is understandable. And if all this fails, include a phone number and email address where people can go who can’t fill out the form. And uh, then provide that email address with good spam protection.

5 Things to focus upon while buying plants online

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Having different plant species is a must-have for plant enthusiasts wanting to set up their patio or workspace. A plant lover would leave no stone turned in creating their own little nursery sweet-scented flowers or healthy organic vegetables. In addition to this, a plant enthusiast would also hunt for rare plant species that will bloom up their captivating garden. However, this pandemic has caused a stir for brick-and-mortar stores plus nurseries, causing a setback for people keen to buy plants regularly. Eventually, many online nurseries cropped up to recover from the losses suffered during the lockdown and bring back the demand for their stock-piling plants.

When you buy plants online, you will also include exploring a wide variety of plants that aren’t available locally. If you’re looking for something beautiful or something slightly different, there must be a few checkpoints on your list. There should be a few considerations that require your attention before you go and fill your online shopping cart with plants. The factors to be borne in mind are:

Update yourself with all the customer reviews

This will help you set realistic expectations based on previous customer experiences. Since getting in touch with the previous client experiences gives resourceful information providing you with strong insight. The customer ratings and comments of their online plant purchases will maintain transparency when you desire to buy plants online. Most often, reading reviews of different companies at external sites will also reveal the customer preferences and the issues behind their disliking of a product.

Never overlook the plant specifications mentioned on the website

The images of the plant uploaded on the site should ideally be a true representation of the plants you are thinking of buying online. Although there is a possibility that the plants may not look the same as in pictures, it should not feel like deceit also. Following this, every intricate detail about the plants, their maintenance regime, and other concerning details should be carefully read to make your purchase a worthy one.

Bear in mind the requirements of plants

You must always know about all the plant’s needs when you wish to buy plants online to facilitate their proper nourishment. The requirements encompass different temperature, water, and sunlight conditions for their wholesome nurturing. Also, determine your plant’s maintenance requirements.

Shipment information

When deciding to buy plants online, you must look into the shipment details of your order while placing an order from a reliable seller. Consider a few questions like First, does the store have adequate shipping facilities available? Second, if yes, then does the online nursery deliver to your location. Third, what is the estimated shipping time? Lastly, what will be the charges levied for shipment?

Also, if you buy outdoor plants, then you must know that most online nurseries will be reluctant to deliver your plants until the climate of your area gets safe for you to plant them.

Return policy to be checked

Buyers have to actively undergo the store’s return, refund, and exchange policy and their order handling protocol. These customer-centric policies also reassure you of the loyalty which a retailer has towards its customers. Being well aware of these factors will help you make a more informed purchase.

8 Secrets Experts Use to Select New CEOs

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Choosing a new CEO is not the easiest task in the world. While it is easy enough to assess the qualifications and strengths of more subordinate positions, CEO is the equivalent of the captain of a ship, and therefore responsible for all the decisions and actions taken by the business. Finding someone to take on all that responsibility can be a challenge. Here are how the experts, such as those at Eagle Headhunters here, manage the job.

Be Open-Minded

There is a tendency to think of CEOs as being quite ‘posh’, speaking with a certain accent, having degrees and more. However, if you actively remove those considerations from your mind, it is very possible that many effective candidates then rise up your shortlist. The best CEOs, arguably, are those who have worked their way up the business, as this means that they will know it inside and out, bringing a wealth of proficiency to the table.

List Essential Qualities

Draw up a list of essential qualities needed in a CEO and do not compromise on these. It can be anything from adhering to ethical practices (commitments to gender pay equality, improved diversity, responsible sourcing) to ensuring a set percent profit each year. If any candidate shows that he or she cannot adhere to these requirements, you can remove them from the list. There is room to compromise, but not on these essentials.

Choose Flexibility

Flexibility can sometimes be dismissed as ‘wishy-washiness’ but it is actually a tremendous strength. The ability to think fast and adapt to changing situations is invaluable and should be seized upon as such.

Go for Substance over Style

Along the lines of keeping an open mind, when you are caught between two seemingly good candidates, opt for the one who has more industry experience and qualifications rather than someone who merely looks the part. This is trickier than it sounds, we humans do tend to make snap decisions, and very often cling to them despite evidence to the contrary!

Value Worth

An older candidate can sometimes seem like a poor choice, but this is a sign of ageism. Many cultures value older members for their wisdom and insights, and these qualities are just what is needed in a CEO.

Allow for Humanity

As mentioned above, while there are some essential characteristics that the CEO hopeful must have, there are also allowances to be made for personal quirks and foibles. Allow for imperfections in a CEO – they are only human, after all – without allowing for bigotry or harmful bias to creep in.

They Are Just an Employee

It can be awkward, hiring a CEO, especially if those responsible for making the choice will then be his or her subordinates. This can result in an uneven interview process, with the hard questions not being asked. Reassure everyone on the selection board that CEOs are mere employees in the grand scheme of things, albeit rather high-powered ones!

The Board Must Retain Oversight

Too much delegation can be a bad thing: an outgoing CEO secretly reluctant to depart could unconsciously choose a weak replacement which will necessitate his or her return, others might try to promote or select their friends or family into the position, or any number of other similarly grubby practices might occur. For this reason, the board should outsource the process to a reputable recruitment agency – apart from ensuring that nothing unethical happens, it will also ensure that the best candidate is offered the job.

Colour Coded Lanyards Helping the Workplace

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The Covid-19 pandemic has seen us living with restrictions that we never thought were possible but our lives have changed for the foreseeable, especially in the workplace. However, in the UK, the vaccine rollout has changed the course of the pandemic and so, most of the restrictions that were in place have been removed. This has opened the door to businesses asking staff to return to the office. Some people are still reluctant to return while others who have been vaccinated are happy to live as normal as possible. 

In the workplace, there are many who are still uncomfortable which means that they still prefer to follow social distancing. Therefore, this makes it especially important for people to be able to show just how comfortable they are in the workplace. There are those who want to keep their distance, there are those who are happy to chat but still want to keep their distance and there are those who are happy to carry on in a way that is similar to a time before the pandemic took hold. So, how can employers ensure that staff feel comfortable upon their return and how can they ensure everyone respects the decisions of others? Lanyards, that’s how.

Lanyards have been a great solution in the past for separating groups and during the pandemic they could have an even bigger role to play. In fact, they have a role to play for staff, delegates and visitors too. Through the use of different colours, such as traffic light colours, they can help people to differentiate between those who want to avoid contact or those who are happy to have contact.  

Essentially, they make it possible for people to make a choice that is dependent on how comfortable they feel with the situation without the need to make a big deal about it. With the traffic light colours, they are easy to identify and help to avoid any awkward conversations.

Where Can They Be Used?

They can be used in a whole range of settings such as shops, schools, offices and even event venues. With staff beginning to return to the office, it’s vital that employers offer staff a flexible approach to working. Given that we have just lived through 18 months of tough restrictions and working from home, it’s vital that people are given the opportunity to do what feels right for them. 

Some are returning to the office on a full-time basis while others are opting to split their time between the office and working from home. So, employers can offer employees a lanyard of their choice to help differentiate between those who are comfortable chatting and those who simply want to avoid contact as much as possible. 

It’s completely understandable that people are still wary of the virus and want to follow certain rules and restrictions for the safety of themselves and others. Therefore, coloured lanyards provide a great option when it comes to helping people return to a workplace that feels as comfortable as possible based on their needs and their feelings.

How to do Google Ads Effectively?

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Spending a good amount of money after Google ads but not getting effective results? No worries, read on to know vital things that you need to take care of to get a good ROI and run a successful campaign on your Google ads. Following these tips will surely boost your ad campaigns in the right direction and give fruitful results.

Aim for a Good Quality Score

If you don’t know, Google gives a quality score from 1 to 10 to every ad. The score is given by checking several parameters like bid amount, ad, keywords, landing page, etc. You need to aim for a high quality score as more the score, better the conversions. Your ads will be given high priority if they have a high quality score and then there are more chances of getting quality leads and eventually high conversions.

Have Long Keywords

Short keywords are generic and wont target a specific group of audience interested in your products and services. Long keywords will bring a high amount of conversions. You can include area, city, zip code, gender, age etc. in your keywords and have a long one, this will work perfectly and will target the right audience you want. This is beneficial from the customer side too as they will easily reach the business which can fulfill their requirements completely.

Have the Correct Landing Page

Sometimes, marketers pay so much attention to their ads such that they forget to pay attention to their landing page. It is vital to have the correct landing page optimized in every sense such that users can find what they are looking for. After clicking the ad, if users are finding something else on the landing page rather than the product/service that you advertised, it will increase the bounce rate. This will lower down your quality score as well.

Have a Negative Keyword List

Most of the people include the keywords that they want users to search with but they don’t add the keywords with which they don’t want to associate with. Let’s say, you sell half-sleeve t-shirts so that will be your keyword and you will have related long tail keywords also. You can have a negative keyword for full-sleeveof full-sleeve t shirtstshirts as you are not selling it. This will keep the users looking for full-sleeve t-shirtstshirts away from your ads and only target the people that are looking for the specific product you are selling.

Prevent your Ads from Click Fraud

  • Click fraud is a malicious act done by repetitively clicking your Google ad just to drain your ad budget. These clicks are termed invalid and are of no use to you but still you need to pay for the click cost. Mostly, it is done by competitors to make your ad campaign irrelevant. To prevent click fraudon your ad, you can use a click fraud detection software. This software will analyse every click and flag it as valid/invalid. Invalid clicks will be removed from your reports and you won’t be charged for it too.

These are the vital things that you need to know to get the best out of your Google ads.So what are you waiting for? Just follow these tips with your Google ads and make the campaign an effective one.

VESTINGFX Review: Earn Money From Energy CFDs [vestingfx.com]

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The energy sector has a significant contribution to our modern-day lives. Therefore, the raw materials of energy sources are valuable. However, due to several factors, the price of the energies moves ups and downs with time. Mainly the demand and supply of the raw materials determine the movement of the market. The widely traded and most liquid commodity is crude oil and the retailer traders trade crude oil worldwide for energy CFDs. Although crude oil is mostly traded in the futures market, it is easier to join the CFD market for trading. You can trade energy CFDs with a smaller trading account. Due to the high degree of uncertainty, trading in the energy sector demands effective client support and good guidance for the new traders. The reputed brokerage company, VESTINGFX is the best modern trading platform that you can have for its timely and high-standard client support. 

Influencing Factors Of Energy Assets:

Due to the rapid growth of the global economy, the demand for energy is increasing strongly. For this reason, the price of energy assets is also increasing. However, there are many other factors that cause a huge level of uncertainty in the energy market. The actual demand for energy assets and the overall supply of the assets primarily determines the price of energy assets. Some influencing factors of the cost of energies are-

  • The actual supply and demand for energy,
  • Environmental and political factors,
  • Production costs of the energy assets,
  • When major oil-exporting countries face crisis or war.

There are several other commodities for energy trading such as natural gas. If you want to earn money from energy CFDs, you need to understand and analyze the factors that affect the price of energy assets. 

Energy Trading With VESTINGFX:

In VESTINGFX, you will have the access to trade commodities such as Brent oil, WTI, and Natural Gas CFDs. This financial organization also offers low spreads and greater flexibility. Here, you will also have the facility of 24-hour market executions. The underlying commodity price determines the price of an energy CFD. As an energy CFD is a financial asset, you can earn a significant profit from this trading. The most-traded energy commodities are crude oil and its derivatives. However, natural gas comes within the top ten most traded commodities. 

The performance of the commodity futures in the front month is exposed energy commodity CFDs on regulated exchanges. When before the expiration day of the underlying future contract, the contract gets expired, this eliminates the possibility of physical delivery. 

For low spreads and greater flexibility, you must consider VESTINGFX for trading energy CFDs. The trading platform and the support team of this company will help you to understand how some factors affect the price of energy assets. With this financial company, you will be able to gain knowledge about the fundamentals of trading energy CFDs. There are some analysts in this organization who guides all the clients with significant market insights. Thus, you can become a successful trader and earn money easily with VESTINGFX from energy CFDs. 

Break Between Algeria And Morocco Threatens The Gas Supply To Europe

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Algeria’s recent decision to cut diplomatic relations with Morocco has increased uncertainty and concern about the strategic future of the Maghreb-Europe gas pipeline (GME), which since its commissioning in October 1996 has sent millions of cubic meters of gas from the Algerian desert to Spain through Moroccan territory and is vital for the three countries and Europe.

Although the flow has not been interrupted, the possibility of a significant change in its conditions and even closure now looms more strongly, as the signed contract expires on October 31 without the negotiations to extend it appear to progress.

Weeks ago, and in statements to the local newspaper “Le Jour”, the general director of the Moroccan office of Hydrocarbons and Mines , Amina Benkhadra, assured that her country was in favor of renewing the contract for the so-called “gas highway”, a pipeline of carbon steel of more than 1,400 kilometers in length through which nearly 9,000 million cubic meters of gas transit each year.

An enthusiasm that Algeria does not seem to share , according to the statements of local analysts cited by state media, such as the local news agency APS, who on August 21 described Morocco’s interest as “a pure lie, shared by the Alawite sovereign “

“Although it is not its first lie, by venturing into the economic field in general and gas in particular, which seem unknown to it, the Makhzen adds two lies. Algeria, with full sovereignty and autonomy of decision, has not yet decided to renew it” , said the expert cited by the official agency.

Damage for Morocco
Considered key in the Mediterranean energy policy, the exploitation of the GME, promoted in the 1980s by the Spanish Enagás and the Algerian national hydrocarbons company Sonatrach, requires extensive and constant collaboration between Algiers, Rabat and Madrid in the four sections in those who are divided.

The passage through its territory reports to Morocco with about 800 million cubic meters of natural gas to cover a part of its energy needs, plus an amount in commissions that is around 7% and represents around 200 million euros per year.

Aware of the situation, and although the gas pipeline is not as vital to its energy strategy as it appears to be for Algeria and Europe, “Morocco has taken steps in recent years to shore up its own energy security needs.”

“It has given a boost to plans in favor of local renewables, for example, and is also working on a possible LNG import plan, through a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU)”, explains the energy analyst Ed Reed, expert in the area.

Algeria bets on the Medgaz alternative
Apart from the GME, managed by the company ” Europe-Maghreb Pipeline (EMPL) ” -in which the Spanish group Naturgy, the Portuguese energy company Transgas and the Moroccan SNPP participate-, Algeria supplies gas to Spain and Europe through another gas pipeline that starts from the same desert and crosses the Mediterranean to end in Almería.

Known as Medgaz, this pipeline starts in the town of Beni Saf, runs 700 kilometers to Perdigal beach, on the Spanish coast, and currently has an annual transport capacity of about 8,000 million cubic meters of gas.

Managed by Sonatrach (51%) and Naturgy together with the investment fund BlackRock, these companies are working together to increase their capacity by 2,000 million cubic meters per year by the end of 2021, an amount that in no case would compensate for a possible closure of the Maghreb gas pipeline Europe.

Algeria would thus lose the possibility of sending close to 6,000 million cubic meters of gas annually to Europe, which would cause serious damage to its weakened economy, totally dependent on fossil fuels: oil and gas account for 95% of its exports yearly.

Negotiations continue

“Behind the bellicose diplomatic positions of Rabat and Algiers, the negotiations continue. Morocco cannot do without the 7% of gas it takes. Algiers cannot do without the services of its neighbor, at least for the moment. But, of course, the Algerian decision will have an impact and will condition the final wording of the agreement, “diplomatic sources in the area assure Efe.

Citizens Leave Pesetas Worth 1,575 Million Euros Unchanged

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The period for exchanging pesetas for euros ended on June 30 and on that date there were still notes and coins left unchanged, which accounted for 3.2% of the value of the old Spanish currency in circulation in December 2001, that is, the equivalent of 1,575 million euros . Of this figure, 793 million correspond to banknotes and 782 million to coins , which represents 1.7% and 31%, respectively, of the amount in circulation at the time of the introduction of the euro

The Bank of Spain has reported this Thursday that citizens, therefore, exchanged 96.8% of the value of the pesetas that were in circulation in December 2001, which amounted to 48,750 million euros . The largest volume of pesetas was exchanged in the first six months after the euro was put into circulation: until June 30, 2002, the date on which the banknotes and coins in pesetas could be exchanged both at the Bank of Spain and at the credit institutions, 94.5% of the amount of pesetas circulating at the end of 2001 was changed .

In September of last year, there were 1,599 million euros of coins and pesetas unchanged , and last April the figure had dropped to 1,586 million. The government extended in November last year the deadline for redemption on December 31, 2020 on June 30, 2021 and this facilitated to be exchanged 24 million euros compared to September 2020. The Bank of Spain, in fact, It registered long queues of citizens to make the change, but also estimated that 45% of the coins that were before the entry of the euro would never be exchanged because they are for collections, they are deteriorated or will have been lost.

Over a century
The peseta was born on October 19, 1868 by a government decree that established it as the basic unit of the Spanish monetary system. The first coins were minted in 1869 and the first banknote was issued in July 1874. On January 1, 2002 , euro banknotes and coins came into circulation , coexisting with pesetas until February 28 of that year, at which time from which the euro became the only legal tender.

In order to facilitate the replacement of pesetas, a period was established so that citizens could exchange their pesetas for euros. Until June 30, 2002, the exchange could be carried out both at the Bank of Spain and at credit institutions, and from that moment only at the different offices of the Bank of Spain.

All peseta banknotes after 1939 were exchangeable, while those issued between 1936 and 1939 had to be analyzed by experts because during the civil war there were numerous banknote issuers on each side and not all of them are valid. In the case of coins, only those that were in circulation since 2002 could be exchanged. Both bills and coins will be exchanged for their face value, that is, one euro for every 166,386 pesetas, although many of those coins or bills may have a higher collector value.

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