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ESTO Increases Multitude Bank Credit Line to EUR 25 Million with Term Extended to 2028

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ESTO Group (ESTO Holdings OU), Estonia’s foremost non-bank consumer credit provider, has expanded its committed credit facility with Multitude Bank to EUR 25 million and secured an extended maturity date running to December 2028.

The revised arrangement builds on the previous EUR 20 million facility, which comprised several tranches maturing by the end of 2025. In addition to a higher commitment and a longer duration, both parties have agreed improved commercial terms that deliver more favourable pricing, greater covenant flexibility, and enhanced structural conditions. These adjustments underscore ESTO’s robust credit standing and the continued strength of its consumer lending portfolio.

Mikk Metsa, Founder and CEO of ESTO, commented:
“Our strengthened partnership with Multitude Bank marks a significant milestone in ESTO’s growth trajectory. As our largest creditor and strategic partner, Multitude Bank’s continued support throughout our four-year partnership reaffirms their confidence in our business model and long-term vision. This cooperation not only enhances our financial flexibility but also boosts the foundation for value creation for all stakeholders. We look forward to building on this collaboration as we expand our presence in ESTO’s core markets.”

Alain Nydegger, CEO of Wholesale Banking at Multitude, said:
“We are pleased to have successfully completed this refinancing, which reinforces our confidence in ESTO’s business model and long-term potential. This transaction allows us to continue supporting ESTO on its growth journey and further strengthen our partnership.”

The secured facility remains available to underpin further loan portfolio development across ESTO’s operating markets, bolstering the company’s balance sheet and creating additional capacity for growth. ESTO Holdings received legal counsel from Eversheds Sutherland and financial advisory support from VLG Advisors.

GSMA Warns 6G Networks Will Require Vast Increase in Mid-Band Spectrum

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Governments will need to act swiftly to prevent future spectrum shortages as 6G networks emerge, according to a new GSMA report that forecasts a substantial surge in demand for mobile bandwidth.

The GSMA, which represents the global mobile ecosystem, has released fresh analysis indicating that next-generation 6G systems will require up to three times more mid-band spectrum than is generally available today. The additional capacity will be essential to support soaring data usage, AI-driven services and increasingly sophisticated digital applications.

Vision 2040: Spectrum for the Future of Mobile Connectivity provides one of the most extensive global assessments to date of future mobile spectrum needs. It concludes that between 2–3 GHz of mid-band spectrum per country will be required across 2035–2040 to meet capacity demands in the busiest urban environments, with the figure rising to 2.5–4 GHz in higher-demand nations.

The study aims to guide policymakers and regulators as the industry prepares for widespread 6G deployment from 2030. Its findings come at a critical moment, as governments negotiate prospective mobile bands ahead of the International Telecommunication Union’s WRC-27 treaty conference in two years’ time.

The report emphasises that early action is vital. Insufficient planning could result in slower network speeds, increased congestion and reduced economic competitiveness throughout the 2030s. Without timely spectrum allocation, consumers may face deteriorating connectivity, businesses could encounter barriers to adopting advanced technologies, and national digital economies risk falling behind in the global shift to 6G.

John Giusti, Chief Regulatory Officer, GSMA, said: “This study shows that the 6G era will require three times more mid-band spectrum than is available today. Satisfying these spectrum requirements will support robust and sustainable connectivity, deliver digital ambitions and help economies grow. I hope this report provides useful insights to governments as they strive to meet the connectivity needs of their citizens in the coming decade.”

By 2040, the study forecasts:

  • More than 5 billion 6G connections, around half of all mobile connections globally.
  • 4G and 5G will remain essential, with around 2 billion 4G and 3 billion 5G connections still in use.
  • Global mobile traffic is set to reach up to 3,900 exabytes per month by 2040.
  • 2–3 GHz of mid-band spectrum is needed globally by 2035–2040, on average, with 2GHz by 2030, to avoid congestion.

Tradeify Secures Long-Term Partnership with Reigning World Number One Luke ‘The Nuke’ Littler

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Tradeify has unveiled a multi-year agreement with World Number 1 and 2024/2025 PDC World Darts Champion Luke ‘The Nuke’ Littler, who becomes the company’s new Global Brand Ambassador. The announcement launches Tradeify’s ‘Champion Mindset’ campaign, which explores the shared traits that underpin excellence in both elite sport and financial trading.

The deal represents Tradeify’s debut investment in professional sport and comes as Littler enters a defining period in his rapidly rising career. With his world title defence approaching in December, the collaboration aligns the brand with one of darts’ most influential and high-profile talents.

Under the partnership, Tradeify branding will be displayed on the back of Littler’s playing shirt. The company also plans to tap into the global interest surrounding the ‘Littlermania’ phenomenon to grow its audience and promote accessible trading, including a darts-themed series of initiatives. These will begin with a funded account giveaway for every 180 that Littler records during the forthcoming World Championships.

Littler’s remarkable rise provides the foundation for the wider ‘Champion Mindset’ campaign, which celebrates the discipline, precision and mentality required to excel in top-tier sport. Further activations and content linked to the initiative are set to be revealed in due course.

Brett Simberkoff, Founder and CEO, Tradeify: “Since his break-through moment at the 2023/2024 World Championships to becoming World Number 1, we’ve been captivated by Luke’s story and we can’t wait to join him on the next phase of his journey. Just like Luke, Tradeify has experienced a huge growth trajectory since launching in 2021 and the timing was perfect to amplify our brand and mainstream understanding of proprietary trading through sport. This partnership is the perfect platform to launch our ‘Champion Mindset’ campaign and help more people understand the mindset that drives success in both trading and sport”.

Luke Littler, Tradeify Global Brand Ambassador: “I’m really excited to partner with Tradeify. They’re an ambitious, emerging brand and a leader in the prop trading space, whose approach to precision in trading mirrors my approach to darts. I’m looking forward to working with the brand and achieving big things together.”

Why & How to Prevent Chargebacks in 2025

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Your store just made a sale. Payment processed. Order shipped. Everything looks perfect until a chargeback notification hits your inbox two weeks later. The customer claims they never authorized the purchase, and now you’re out the product, the payment, and stuck with additional fees. Sound familiar?

This scenario plays out millions of times each year, and the numbers are getting worse. Global chargeback volume reached 238 million in 2023 and is projected to increase to 337 million by 2026, according to research from industry sources like Mastercard and others. For many merchants, chargebacks have become one of the most frustrating and costly aspects of running an online business.

Understanding the Real Cost of Chargebacks

Chargebacks do more than reverse a single transaction. They create a ripple effect that damages your bottom line in multiple ways. When a customer disputes a charge, you lose the original sale amount, the product if it was already shipped, and you get hit with chargeback fees.

The math gets ugly fast. U.S. merchants lose $4.61 for every dollar of fraud in 2025, a 37% uptick from 2020 levels, according to research. Beyond direct financial losses, excessive chargebacks can push you into high-risk merchant status, leading to higher processing fees or even account termination.

Why Chargebacks Happen More Often Now

The chargeback system was designed decades ago to protect consumers from fraud and unfair merchant practices. While this protection remains important, the system has become easier to abuse. Mobile banking apps now allow customers to dispute transactions with just a few taps, and many shoppers genuinely believe chargebacks are the same as refunds.

Here are the main reasons chargebacks occur:

Friendly Fraud: This accounts for the majority of chargebacks and happens when customers dispute legitimate purchases. Sometimes they forget about a subscription charge, other times they experience buyer’s remorse and find disputing easier than requesting a refund. Social media has even amplified this problem, with some platforms sharing tips on how to abuse the chargeback system.

True Fraud: When criminals use stolen card information to make unauthorized purchases, legitimate chargebacks follow. As online transactions grow, so do opportunities for fraudsters.

Merchant Errors: Unclear billing descriptors, shipping delays, product misrepresentation, or poor customer service can all trigger chargebacks. These are often the easiest to prevent with proper business practices.

How to Prevent Chargebacks as a Merchant

The good news is that you have more control over chargebacks than you might think. Preventing chargebacks requires a multi-layered approach that addresses different causes at various stages of the customer journey.

Make Your Business Easy to Recognize

One of the simplest ways to prevent chargebacks starts with your billing descriptor. Many disputes happen simply because customers don’t recognize a charge on their statement. Use a descriptor that matches your business name as it appears on your website and marketing materials. If your legal business name differs from your brand name, include both along with your customer service phone number.

Build a Rock-Solid Customer Service System

Before customers reach for the dispute button, give them an easy way to reach you. Display contact information prominently on your website, receipts, and shipping notifications. Respond quickly to inquiries, ideally within 24 hours. When customers know they can resolve issues directly with you, they’re far less likely to involve their bank.

Consider these customer service strategies:

  • Offer multiple contact channels such as phone, email, and live chat
  • Create a comprehensive FAQ section addressing common concerns
  • Send proactive updates about order status and shipping delays
  • Make your return and refund policies crystal clear and easy to follow

Implement Fraud Detection Tools

Technology has made fraud easier, but it has also given merchants powerful tools to fight back. Address verification systems check that the billing address matches the card on file. Card security codes add another layer of authentication. For higher-risk transactions, consider requiring additional verification steps.

Modern fraud detection goes beyond basic checks. Machine learning tools can analyze patterns across thousands of data points to flag suspicious transactions before they process. These systems look at factors like device fingerprints, IP addresses, browsing behavior, and velocity patterns to identify potential fraud.

Perfect Your Product Descriptions and Policies

Can you prevent chargebacks by being more transparent? Absolutely. Many disputes arise from unmet expectations. Use accurate product photos, detailed descriptions, and honest specifications. If something is backordered or shipping might take longer than usual, communicate this clearly before purchase.

Your policies deserve equal attention. Write return and refund policies in plain language. Make terms and conditions easy to find and understand. For subscription services, clearly explain billing frequency, cancellation procedures, and what customers get for their money.

Optimize Your Shipping and Fulfillment

Shipping issues trigger countless chargebacks. Ship orders promptly and provide tracking information automatically. Use reliable carriers and consider requiring signatures for high-value items. When delays happen, communicate proactively rather than waiting for customers to reach out.

Package products securely to prevent damage during transit. Nothing frustrates customers more than receiving a broken item, and frustration leads to disputes.

Advanced Prevention Strategies

Once you’ve covered the basics, these advanced tactics can further reduce your chargeback rate:

Use Chargeback Alerts

Tools with automated alerts are one of the most effective ways to prevent chargebacks. They notify you when a dispute gets filed, often before it becomes an official chargeback. This gives you a narrow window to resolve the issue directly with the customer or issue a refund, stopping the chargeback process. While these services cost money, they’re typically cheaper than the fees and hassles of fighting chargebacks.

Collect Strong Evidence

Keep detailed records of every transaction. Save proof of delivery, customer communications, IP addresses, and any verification steps completed during checkout. If you do face a chargeback, compelling evidence significantly improves your chances of winning the dispute.

Monitor Your Chargeback Ratio

Payment processors watch your chargeback-to-transaction ratio closely. Once it exceeds certain thresholds, usually around 1%, you risk penalties or account closure. Track your ratio monthly and investigate any upward trends immediately.

Industry-Specific Considerations

Different business models face unique chargeback challenges. Subscription services should send reminder emails before billing and make cancellation straightforward. Digital goods providers should deliver products instantly with clear confirmation emails. High-ticket item sellers might benefit from additional verification steps despite the friction they create.

The table below shows how chargeback prevention priorities vary by business type:

Business Type Primary Chargeback Risk Top Prevention Strategy
Subscription Services Forgotten recurring charges Pre-billing reminders and easy cancellation
Digital Goods Non-delivery claims Instant delivery with email confirmation
Physical Products Item not received disputes Tracking numbers and delivery confirmation
High-Ticket Items Friendly fraud attempts Enhanced verification and clear communication
Travel/Hospitality Cancellation disputes Transparent policies and flexible options

The Human Element

Behind every chargeback is a person. Sometimes they’re confused. Sometimes they’re frustrated with your service. Occasionally, they’re deliberately trying to cheat the system. Treating customers with respect, even difficult ones, pays dividends.

Train your team to handle complaints with empathy. Turn angry customers into advocates by going above and beyond to make things right. A resolved complaint costs far less than a chargeback and often results in a loyal customer who tells others about your exceptional service.

Take Action Today

Start by auditing your current processes. Review your billing descriptor, test your customer service response times, and examine your product descriptions for clarity. Implement the strategies that address your biggest vulnerabilities first, then gradually add more layers of protection.

The effort you invest in chargeback prevention pays off through reduced fees, lower processing costs, better customer relationships, and more time spent growing your business instead of fighting disputes. In an environment where chargebacks are projected to cost billions globally, taking preventive action isn’t optional anymore. It’s essential for survival and growth in the competitive world of online commerce.

How to Boost Efficiency and Cut Carbon Emissions in Your Business

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Running a business in the modern era can be a very difficult thing. You’ll need to be able to manage costs, stay on the right side of any relevant regulations, and meet the expectations of your stakeholders when it comes to sustainability and environmental concerns.

The good news is that these objectives often align with one another. By making your business more energy-efficient, you’ll be able to bring down your carbon emissions, and thereby safeguard both the profitability and the reputation of your operation.

So, how should this challenge be approached?

Assess and optimise your baseline

If you aren’t measuring your performance, then you might struggle to improve it. You’ll need to therefore think about things like the raw amount of energy you’re using, the amount of it you’re wasting, and the amount you’re spending on specific aspects of your business, like transportation.
Getting a good sense of your carbon footprint means understanding not just how large it is, but how it breaks down. The former will allow you to measure your progress; the latter will allow you to identify the easy gains.

Drive operational efficiency and reduce waste

Once you have an idea of where your weak points are, you can start to think about how they might be addressed. Often, a simple change in your processes can help you cut out redundant energy use and thereby drive down your energy expenditure. In other cases, the investment in new equipment and systems can make a difference that will pay for itself over time.
You might go deeper into the way that energy is actually being used and try to make marginal gains here and there. Encouraging employees to switch off the lights as they exit a room can be beneficial – but the big gains are to be found by applying this principle across the entire building.

Leverage low-carbon solutions and renewables

It isn’t just the amount of energy you’re using that should be a concern. Where this energy comes from, and how it’s generated, will make a difference, too. It might be that you can make major gains by generating energy on-site, through things like solar panels.
Or you might look into green tariffs that will allow you to optimise your spending on energy while making a transition to renewable forms of energy. A good business energy supplier can make this easier.
Certain energy-intensive industries, like steel, have recently welcomed a change in government policy on green levies, which aims to cut costs and stimulate growth. The discount for connecting to the grid was improved from 60% to 90%.

Embed culture, monitor progress and iterate

You can’t expect to make major gains with just a single one-off round of changes in your approach to energy. An effective renewable culture is something that is continually built over time. You’ll need all of your employees to develop the right habits, and to hold one another accountable. You’ll also need to ensure that you measure not just your own performance, but that of the entire supply chain to which you’re attached!
Only around 65% of firms in the UK have a plan for Net Zero. By implementing one, you might put yourself ahead of the competition!

Workspace Shares Down 5% After Big Drop in Office Values

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The AIM-quoted provider of flexible workspace, Space Group plc, extends its losing streak today as the shares slump more than 5% to 380 pence in uneven trading on the London Stock Exchange.

The drop comes after a depressed six-month report that revealed a 4% decline in property values, which stirred up concerns of a long hangover on the hybrid working revolution and the probability of sticky interest rates straining the business real estate market.

The six months to September 2025 results were encouraging, with rental income narrowly increasing by 2% to PS48 million, supported by high occupancy rates of 88% in its 4.2 million square feet of space in its urban hotspots such as London and Manchester.

Adjusted net asset value per share, however, tumbled to 680 pence compared to 710 pence, after a PS25m write-down on legacy assets in the City fringe. The management attributed the cause to market dislocation caused by low demand and high yields, and new letting rates stagnated at 3% less than rack rents against tenant pressure on pricing.

This is a sombre revelation in the wake of a tectonic change in office dynamics because post-pandemic preferences are given to working remotely, leaving swathes of space empty. The British Property Federation puts UK vacant rates at 14%, the highest in five years, and this puts pressure on landlords such as Workspace to provide sweeteners such as rent-free periods and fit-out incentives.

It has been the customer-focused approach of the firm, which focuses on creative SMEs by providing co-working pods and event spaces, that has withstood the test of pure-play Grade A towers, but even in this instance, the rate of churn has been 18%, as startups are struggling with funding crises.

In response, brokers cut forecasts with Liberum reducing to a hold with a 420 pence target. The report warned that valuation resets are an indicator of structural pain, and the urban renewal focus of the city on the workspace is admirable.

Stocks, declining 28% year-to-year, now trade at 0.55 times net asset value – a bargain basement price that will attract vulture funds but not blue-chip acquirers. Volume was 200% above the normal level, and algorithmic selling was contributing to the rout as the stock went through key technical supports.

The FTSE 250 real estate investment trust pack, which was hit 1-2 per cent by IWG and Tritax Big Box, was an additional blow to the sector, reflecting its weakness. The FTSE 100 index benchmark in London gained a mere 0.1 per cent. to 8,280 on the strength of pharma, but the mid-cap index was down 0.3%, its poorest performance in seven weeks.

FTSE 250 Real Estate Wobbles as Workspace’s Writedowns Highlight Office Market Malaise

The misery of Workspace is the epitome of commercial property mess, and surveys by the Big Four indicate a 20% drop in new leases as of 2023. High borrowing costs – refinancing bills have been inflated by high costs of 10-year gilts at 4.2% – and PS500 million of ESG-imposed capex burdens industry-wide. Its PS300 million debt burden, at a loan-to-value ratio of 35 per cent, is not extremely large, but the covenant headroom would be minimal in case of stagnant rents.

The group is also doubling down on adaptive reuse: it is turning underutilised warehouses into innovation centres with EV charging and wellness facilities, and it hopes to increase its yields to 6% in 2027.

Recent transactions comprise a 50,000 sq ft let to a fintech cluster in Whitechapel, a sign of attracting agile occupiers who do not want to work with any rigid corporate occupiers. Dividend policy is maintained at 12 pence per share, with 3.2 a very tasty yield, and 1.5x earnings coverage, but gradual increases are seen to be limited.

Economic wildcards abound. Odds of the December rate reduction to 85% (by futures) might help the Bank of England to reduce the pressure in case the inflation drops to 2%. However, a chilly Budget on November 27, as business rates are frozen, could raise empty property charges, which Workspace’s portfolio of 10% is going to be hurt. Occupier sentiment is further obscured by geopolitical jitters, whether US tariffs or Middle Eastern flares.

In the case of workspaces, an early adopter of the managed workspaces, this is a challenge. A 2015 carve-out by a private equity company heightened the attention, yet the 2020 listing at 600 pence seems like prehistoric times.

Pre-tax losses were reduced to PS 10 million versus PS15 million; this was made possible by cost-outs such as AI-driven energy management, reducing bills by 8%. It has 200,000 sq ft of development, and plans mixed-use developments of offices and residential.

Radar ping of liquidity: war chest is PS20 million net cash inflows towards opportunistic purchases of distressed assets. Short interest is currently holding on at 3, and bulls are quoting a 15% increase in rents on lease renewals. At depressed multiples, it is a high conviction contrarian bet, but patience is of the essence.

Budget Crunch: Can the Relief Turn Workspace and Its Withering Portfolio Around?

Workspace is a Workspace, and with choruses reforms. The Property Ombudsman wails at the stamp duty domestications on business flips, which may open the gates of PS3 billion. The 20% offset of the upgrade costs by a green retrofit grant pool would be consistent with Workspace’s net-zero commitment by 2030.

Tech infusions welcome salvation: VR tours have increased inquiries by 25 per cent., and blockchain leases simplify compliance. The model is looked at by international scouts on US rollouts, but the Brexit strains persist.

Cynics cry the overexposure to London (70% of space), in which the Crossrail buzz has been falling flat in the face of the affordability crisis. Another outbreak of a virus variant will empty floors once again, but diversified tenures – 4 years on average – protect against shocks.

Investors eat the losses: three-year returns are 40 per cent below the FTSE 250, yet below 350 pence lie the forensic value hunters, who are predicting an increase of 20 per cent on rate relief. The leasing data of Black Friday, which is released next fortnight, can swing the balance.

Working with reinvention in the built-environment bind of Britain. It goes through solid remains to collective fireplaces, flitting back and forth through mud, gambling on the survival of human centres in the digital tsunami. With cities winning back souls, this FTSE 250 regular may still prosper – should those in power tread the path.

Domino’s Pizza Shares Dip 2% as FTSE 250 Chain Warns on Delivery Costs Amid UK Consumer Squeeze

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The UK’s largest pizza delivery operator, Domino’s Pizza Group plc, headed in the wrong direction this afternoon, with the shares falling more than 2% in the afternoon, on the London Stock Exchange following a tentative trading statement that pointed to rising operational expenses and a slowed same-store sales increase.

The FTSE 250 member, which already carries a 49% fall per year, had its shares drop to 280 pence, annihilating previous gains and raising the scale of fears about the susceptibility of the fast-food industry to tightened household finances.

The release of the update, which was made before full-year results in early December, showed that the like-for-like sales growth was only 1.5 per cent in the third quarter, significantly lower than the consensus of 3 per cent and a remarkable decline on the previous quarter of 4.2 per cent.

The slowdown was blamed by the management on foul weather conditions and a higher promotional effort, which reduced the margins amid a 5% increase in the total sales in the system to PS1.2 billion owing to the addition of new stores. Adjusted EBITDA forecasts of fiscal 2025 were reduced to PS140 million as compared to PS145 million, considering the increased labour and energy costs due to sustained inflation.

This attitude softens the precarious nature of discretionary spenders in an expensive setting, with a report by the Office for National Statistics indicating that food prices have still remained at 2.8%.

Domino, boasting more than 1,300 restaurants in the UK and Ireland, has traditionally been offering fast delivery and value offers as part of its efforts to retain market share, but its competitors, such as Just Eat Takeaway and Deliveroo, are increasingly launching discount deals at each other. The asset-light franchise business model that the company has adopted leaves it exposed to royalty changes in line with store-level profitability that declined 3% quarter to quarter.

Pundits cooled their excitement with Barclays reducing its price target by 320 pence out of the 350 pence, but maintaining a rating of hold. The note said that the resilience of Domino’s in times of recession was established, and the situation was not clearly visible in the short term due to consumer caution.

Shares, which hit a low of 250 pence in September, have gained 12 per cent in the last month on the hope of a festive revival, but the current action puts the shares 48 per cent below where they were at the start of the year, at a pathetic 12 times forward earnings – a valuation in the screamer and an execution in the whispers.

The episode reflects the turbulence in the FTSE 250 consumer discretionary arena, where restraint in spending has cut down names of Greggs to Mitchells and Butlers. Wider FTSE 100 firmed at 8,250, rising 0.1% on mining strength, but the mid-cap index fell 0.2%, as traders moved on to the defensive side before the Bank of England announced its rates.

FTSE 250 Consumer Stocks Under Pressure as Domino’s Banners Margin Erosion in Hard Trading

The misery of Domino was felt in circles with PizzaExpress owner Hamsard gaining 1% on speculative buyout news and Deliveroo dropping 0.5% on volume issues. The sub-index of the sector, which is -15% YTD, indicates a sharp turnaround: affluent urban people who buy takeaways instead of cooking at home, according to Nielsen data, which indicates a decline of 7% in out-of-home dining.

In its fundamental terms, the strategy of Domino revolves around digital innovation and globalisation. Its app brings the group 40% of orders, and it is supported by AI-optimised routing, which has reduced delivery times by 10%.

In Switzerland and France, overseas growth increased by 200 basis points, and the management is targeting 50 new locations every year to reach 1,500 stores in the UK by 2028. However, franchisee resistance to royalty increases by 1 to 6% has raised the scent of discontent that could limit network density.

There are economic crosscurrents which make the story complicated. As unemployment is creeping to 4.5 per cent and real wages are stagnating, the Autumn Budget announced by the Chancellor on November 27 is big.

VAT increases on takeaways rumours would hurt 2-3rd of revenues, but fuel duty freezes would counter logistics expenses, which shot 8 rd this quarter. In an interview with reporters, Domino’s chief financial officer emphasised promises of price neutrality, promising no vacuous increases regardless of the cost of inputs.

To this gritty chapter, the chain was known as 30-minute guarantees, created in the year 1999. It managed lockdowns through collection model pivots after the pandemic, reporting 20% revenue CAGR 2020-2023. However, normalisation has shown faults: store-level profitability of 18, versus 22, with rent increases and minimum wage increases to PS11.44 in April next year.

The story of the investor flows is rather alarming: the turnover increased to twice the normal level, the short interest reaching 5% of the float as hedge funds bet downward. The 3.5% dividend yield, which is 1.8x the earnings, will continue to be an attraction, but suspension fears, not seen since 2020, re-emerge in the case of continued cash burn. At the existing multiples, the stock creates a classic turnaround: High beta volatility covering a moaty brand in a PS10 billion addressable market.

Budget Blues: Can Fiscal Tweaks Salvage UK Fast Food’s Festive Fireworks?

With the blueprint of the fiscal strategy of Reeves coming to pass, Domino is making more calls to be relieved. The British Retail Consortium is a lobbying body which estimates PS1 billion in business rate reductions will result for the hospitality sector.

A proposed 1 per cent National Insurance reduction among low-income earners would pump up disposable income, which would raise order volumes by 5 per cent over Christmas, 30 per cent of annual sales.

Tech bets provide a backlash: hybrid fulfilment with Uber Eats and blockchain traceability with supply chains have a 15% efficiency boost by 2026. Bolt-ons in Europe call out with PS50 million of free cash flow, but there is a cost on the balance sheet of integration; its net debt is 1.2x EBITDA.

Sceptics also highlight the risks of saturation: 20 new stores a quarter places a cap on capex of PS80 million and the urbanity of the density in the footfall. Toppings that are import-based are hampered by a sterling rally, which is up by 1.5 per cent this week, and the cheese production is threatened by outbreaks of avian flu. Still, the defensive properties of Domino’s 70% recurring revenue will safeguard against Armageddon situations.

Shareholders suffer the grind: 5-year returns are 30 per cent below the FTSE 250, but contrarians see an entry point at 270 pence and an upside of 15 per cent on a sales turnaround. The momentum could be dependent on the Black Friday values next week.

Domino Pizzas represents the squeeze in the consumption conundrum in the UK: luxurious and tight in a box of pizza. With an adaptation of heritage warmth and adaptive spiciness, this FTSE 250 staple competes over bits of devotion. The question is whether it will reheat or cool down with the loosening of wallets, or a pitching in by policymakers.

MHA Shares Climb 12% on AIM Debut Momentum as Accountancy Firm Posts Double-Digit Revenue Surge in First Interim Results

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The rapidly growing UK accountancy and business advisory group, MHA, rose after the flotation today as the shares rose more than 12% to 162 pence in the early trading on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange.

The run-up comes after the publication of a strong first-half performance since its October IPO, which exhibits a doubled revenue growth and strengthened balance sheet, which analysts believe can guarantee continued over-performing in a contracting industry in the professional services.

The outcome, which included the six months up to September 2025, showed that the underlying revenue was to increase 14% to PS82 million, driven by organic growth and strategic bolt-ons in the audit, tax and corporate finance. Adjusted EBITDA increased by 18% to PS18 million, and margins improved to 22% due to the leveraging of operations and cross-selling.

The uplift, which the management attributes to tailored client solutions in a dynamic regulatory environment, is evident in increased demand for ESG compliance and M&A advisory by mid-market firms that are sailing through economic headwinds.

This impressive performance can be described as a culmination of a change of direction in MHA that has seen it shift out of the hands of its private owners to the public markets through a PS200 million IPO just half a year ago, with institutional investors such as Legal and General and Schroders joining up to support it.

A net debt amounting to PS15 million after IPO proceeds gives the cash-generative model the firepower to continue making additional acquisitions, at least one of the fundamental principles of its growth playbook.

The chief executive stated that our integrated service offering speaks in uncertain times and that he planned to expand headcount to 3,000 within five years and focus on regions under-serviced, in the Midlands and the Southwest.

The buoyant update comes at a time when the UK professional services have been thawing with deal volumes recovering 20 per cent every quarter, according to Deloitte scales with expected Budget sweeteners on R&D credits and apprenticeship levies.

This recovery is enjoyed by MHA with SMEs up to FTSE 250 corporate clients, whose advisory fees have increased by 25 per cent on inbound M&A enquiries. Stakes, released at 140 pence, have since surged 16 per cent in total, with a forward P/E of 15 times – a concession to rivals in the sector such as FRP Advisory.

Peel Hunt and other brokers countered quickly with a second buy rating and 200 pence target. The size and local presence of MHA make the company a consolidator of a fragmented market, said a research note. Volume was two hundred and fifty per cent above average, with retail and fund rotations by the underperformers in the AIM index, which itself gained 0.4% intraday.

AIM Professional Services Sector Picks Up Ground as MHA Results Profile Consolidation Wave

The revelation by MHA gave impetus to the overall AIM, which raised the index 0.6 percentage points up to 780 points on light volumes just before the weekend. Advisory and compliance competitors, such as Begbies Traynor and Azets, trailed 2-4% further, with investors betting on industry roll-ups. On US futures suspicion, the FTSE 250 followed up on the positive spillover by an added 0.2% but the FTSE 100 was held within its range.

The optimism is premised on structural drivers. The accountancy market is a PS40 billion market with demand shortages and technology shocks in the UK that offers the opportunity for agile players such as MHA to gain market share.

Its proprietary digital platforms have realised real-time tax modelling to reduce the client engagement cycles by 30% and an emphasis on sustainability audits is leveraging compulsory reporting requirements that are coming into force in 2026. The PS12 million free cash flow during the period justifies a progressive dividend policy with a maiden payout of 2 pence per share estimated next year.

Challenges endure, however. The threat of increasing competition by Big Four incumbents and wage inflation, which is now 5% per annum, may put strain on the margins in the event of slackening client wins.

Legislative uncertainty in the peri-Brexit VAT harmonisation, but lobbying by MHA through the ICAEW alleviates risks. The target of the 10%+ organic growth and PS50 million tuck-in capacity by the board are indications of resilience.

Originally a UK-based practice in Manchester in 1993, MHA has since grown exponentially through 20+ acquisitions to become a top-20 UK firm with a 90% retention rate. Its narrative of advisory evolution was justified by the IPO, which was oversubscribed three times, as 70% of the revenues were repeated through long-term retainers. Pre-tax profit increased by 22% to PS14 million, highlighting pricing strength in a fee-sensitive sector.

Budget Spotlight: Do Tax Reforms Crackle Advisory Boom of AIM Darlings Such as MHA?

With the Autumn Budget just a month away on November 27, MHA is on the upswing, which puts pressure on pro-business modifications. There is a demand to boost SEIS/EIS reliefs in order to drive funding to SMEs, which may inject PS2 billion into advisory pipelines. Another stimulus would be the mooted reduction of corporation tax to 23% which would enhance deal flow, and this would be favourable to the MHA transaction services department.

Innovation is important: blockchain-enabled audit trails rollouts have the potential to achieve 40% efficiency improvements, and AI chatbots on compliance inquiries are at beta. Having 95% client satisfaction ratings, MHA is looking to venture into international markets, with the first market being Ireland tie-ups.

Critics point out risks of execution in integration, where there can be short-term dilution of margins in past deals. A hawkish attitude by the BoE could reduce risk-taking by the entrepreneurial population, whereas the defensive revenue mix of 60% non-cyclical in MHA cushions volatility.

It has played out to the benefit of investors: IPO discount is washed away with post-results pop, and year-to-year returns are 18 vs. 5 by AIM. The prospective yield of 1.2% supported by strong coverage is attractive to income investors, and growth multiples are attractive to momentum traders. Below 150 pence may attract accumulators, yet the general opinion is 180 pence at the end of the year.

Overall, the milestone of MHA reflects the dynamism in the service sector of the UK. With traditional companies increasing their use of digital tools as reminders, and more digital tools emerging, companies that integrate tradition and technology will lead the pack, turning advisory into a value centre. To AIM optimists, MHA gives them a path in which reason and aspiration must meet, and they will have a payoff in a portfolio of advancement.

Zcash Rockets 12% to $672: Privacy Powerhouse Defies $1.5 Trillion Crypto Crash on November 21, 2025

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The emergence of Zcash has caused a bloodbath, with the cryptocurrency jumping up 12% to $672 on November 21, 2025, as the crypto-sphere loses 1.5 trillion in a ruthless decline. As Bitcoin tanks below the 86,000 mark and Ethereum plunges beneath the 2,800 mark, ZEC can boast of being a privacy lighthouse, having increased 150 per cent in a month and 1,600 per cent in the year to date.

The frenzied trading of the institutions and pre-halving euphoria had increased the volume by 78% to 456 million, and on-chain data revealed the presence of a 22% spike in shielded transactions, which now constituted 35% of network activity.

This is breaking out past the $650 marker, verified by a textbook cup-and-handle arrangement, and it has wiped out nearly 28 million dollars in shorts on Binance and Bybit, placing Zcash squarely into the limelight as the final contrarian bet during global financial nervousness and monitoring worries. The Crypto Fear and Greed Index is at 9, and the RSI of ZEC is 72, indicating the overbought momentum, but no indication of withdrawal by the whales.

The boom is based on a story of rediscovered utility zk-SNARKs to permit optional privacy without obligatory anonymity, a definite flexibility that avoids regulatory traps of the Monero project and attracts capital that follows regulatory rules.

The current move can be compared to the 500% follow-up of the 2020 halving, only on a greater scale, since by 2025, the macro storm of U.S.-China tariffs will have driven the price of privacy up, as traceable goods such as USDT are at risk of being frozen.

In the middle of the holders, which had built up to a low of 289 in September, only sold 8,500 ZEC on the day before, a paltry amount compared to 45,000 coins swept by large addresses. It is said in a world of glass blockchains, Zcash provides frosted windows, secure but not suspicious.

18M ZEC Haul by Cypherpunk is the Ignition of an Institutional Fire: Winklevoss Bet Signal Whales Awakening

The rebranded brainchild of Gemini co-founder Tyler Winklevoss, Cypherpunk Technologies, struck a bombshell by acquiring more than 18 million ZEC on November 19, doubling its treasury to more than 30,000 coins and launching the token above 700 intraday.

The idea expressed through this institutional flex, where OTC desks buy and sell ETFs during outflows, is that privacy is becoming a hedge against Big Brother, and the selective protection of Zcash is avoiding AML delistings that bedevil strict anonymity peers.

Grayscale in its ZCSH trust then invested, with 137 million YTD, and BitMEX co-founder Arthur Hayes placed ZEC as the BTC runner-up in his family office, as in a moonshot, 20% of the market cap of Bitcoin, which would see ZEC at 18200.

No move is solo; on-chain forensics show that since the codification of the privacy tech into the Clarity and Genius Acts in July, there were $256 million in new deposits, which were shielded by DeFi without indictments of Tornado Cash-scale. Bitcoin staff ZEC Kraken and Coinbase added ZEC pairs after MiCA tweaks freed up 89 million dollars of idle liquidity.

However, the sceptics raise the red flag on overbought risks: The MACD divergence provides evidence of a break, with a support of ironclad support of 600 dollars. FUD is not being sold to institutions, but freedom is, an executive of Cypherpunk boasts, as open interest doubles to 41% to $1.2 billion, foaming at the mouth, to take a futures run at the volatility spike.

Halving Hype Peaks: November 24 NU6.1 Fork Slashes Rewards, Supercharges Scarcity Narrative

As the block award is reduced by half to 3146400 height on November 24, Zcash enters the deflationary stage with the Network Upgrade 6.1, which cuts emissions by half and repurposes 20 per cent of rewards, 8 per cent to community grants through ZCG and 12 per cent to shielded voter-directed funds.

This governance mayarche ousts the ancient developer kitty, which limits inflation to 4% and gives holders real power in a really decentralised steer. Also, after the forks, the amount supplied on an annual basis is half that of Bitcoin at 1.5 million ZEC, with the moat of privacy turning the supply curve into a booster shot, and is expected to initiate a 92% Q4 spurt akin to the 2024 event frenzy.

Testnets crushed it: privatised on November 14, Starknet L2 rollup, which swears Zcash securities, has live custom smart contracts on its rails, reducing fees by 85%, with over $45 million TVL in DeFi wrappers so far. It has been billed by developers as the privacy layer of Ethereum, but without the gas, and the hype has been justified by 150% on-chain activity every quarter.

However, glitches with execution would startle the emotion; a snag in the September devnet would add an extra 72 hours of testing to the stress-test. With block times narrowed down to 75 seconds, miners, whose hashrate increased 29% to 12.4 MS/s, prepare to adapt to Equihash changes, so that the ASICs can resist the migration of GPUs out of the Ethereum ghosts.

Ztarknet L2 Unleashed: $100M TVL Projections Private DeFi Dawn attracts Glow of Regulatory Rafting

The L2 revolution of Zcash hit warp speed with the mainnet beta of Ztarknet on November 14, and combined the idea of zk-rollups to verify confidential dApps with no disclosure, as the network called position snoppers, which also includes a yield farm.

The first users, such as Electric Coin Co., invested 23 million in test pools and had projected TVL of 100 million by the end of the year when bridges to Solana and Polygon are released. This scalability salve takes care of the 7 TPS bottleneck of Zcash, which is swelling to 2,500 with SNARK verifiability as a godsend to tokenised RWAs in need of discretion.

Regulatory winds blow: MiCA exemptions of optional-privacy protocols at the EU allowed ZEC to enter Binance with the axe of delisting, and the U.S. Clarity Act Zcash landed on IRS-compliant wallets. Chainalysis recorded global remittances of ZEC corridors reaching 220 million a month as unbanked persons evade maciation with fiat currency.

Quantum-resistant upgrades pre-forked with 12 million dollars in community grants aim to achieve this in Q2 2026. The community grants look after elliptic curve FUD. Nonetheless, adoption is sluggish: Having secured at 35% is lagging behind Monero at 98% which Ztarknet will fill with user-friendly wallets such as the YWallet 2.0.

Prognosis Fracture: Moonshot or Dip $800 and 580 respectively? Hayes Bullish Call Fuels $10K Call

The oracles have been split by Zcash price tea leaves. The bulls, who have been following Cypherpunk with their coattails, target November closing at $720-740, and December at 800-820 on halving halos and liquidity on L2.

The 5.84% upside to $720 in November 2020, smashed by EMA convergence and 7.2% historical November pops, is predicted by Changelly, which projects that its algorithm will take it all the way to $1,049 in 2026.

The ambitious target of Arthur Hayes, who set ZEC at the quarter of the market value of Bitcoin, which is worth only 10,000 dollars, is the start of the dream of a $500 billion market value, which is supported by the 1,172% YTD scorch.

Bears are growling with fatigue: RSI of CoinCodex 66.27 shows it is in a neutral-to-overbought state, and the pullback targets of 580-600 in case the death cross does its thing in alts. Another Elliott Wave mumbles an ameliorative ABC to $550, then impulse is resumed, and leverage is 22x on OKX.

CoinDCX cools off to $700 end-of-month, on condition of $600 hold-on; default opens the gates to $500 hell. However, as 30% supply is insured and whale stocks are inflated by 18%, the skew is tilted up to the right, the price of privacy in a panopticon world.

Ecosystem Edges Forward: DeFi Blossoms, Delisting Demons Lurk

Zcash swarms with potential and threats. Ztarknet DeFi TVL increased three times to $67 million, and protocols such as ZcashSwap earned 9.2% APY on shielded liquidity pairs, making it better than the open competitors.

The volume of dark pools, which were a default feature of ZEC, increased 17% during economic opaqueness, and NFT markets such as Zcash Arts did the tokenisation of 12,000 drops with privacy themes. Rivals are jealous: The optional model of Zcash has 22% institutional allocation compared to 5% in Monero, according to Messari.

Shadows remain. FSA in Japan is debating a complete ban, and 15% of transactions to the EU are seized due to lax KYC of privacy flows. Neither scalability nor quantum whispers can use a stuttering L2 without L2 maturity, and quantum whispers require FCMP forks. It is a vibrant community: ZIP proposals of 925,000 finance education, defeating FUD by facts.

By the end of November 21, Zcash had stayed at $672, a privacy phoenix among charred remains. To the dreamer, this is nothing but volatility; it is vindication. ZEC is not in the shadow of the transparency trap of crypto; it enables the shadowed.

Monero Surges 8% to $365 Amid Crypto Bloodbath: Privacy Coins Defy $1.5 Trillion Market Meltdown on November 21, 2025

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In an incredible show of fortitude, Monero has shot up 8.2% to $365 on November 21, 2025, defying the brutal selling spree that has wiped a dismal 1.5 trillion of the cryptocurrency market.

Bitcoin falls to under $86,000 and Ethereum falls below 2,800, but the privacy-focused currency, XMR, appears to be the only true performer, gaining the most in a day in three months and continuing a 126% insurgence since November 2024.

The volume increased 65% to $203 million, and on-chain analytics showed a whale frenzy, in which more than 15,000 XMR were amassed by large holders in the last 24 hours alone.

This rebellion is in a world where global surveillance has become a major concern, and Monero will become the final safe haven against a more transparent digital economy. As the Crypto Fear and Greed Index of the wider market falls to 10, the Relative Strength Index of XMR rises to 68, which is an indication of the gathering strength amidst the storm.

The rise of Monero can be traced back to the rounding bottom in the beginning of November that analysts identified to be a bullish reversal following rejection in May that pushed prices to fall to their current level of $233. Accumulation has since steadily built up again at $340, and today $355 broke out as a result of which the short liquidations with a value of 12 million have been triggered on platforms such as Binance and Kraken.

Privacy tokens as an industry are doing well, with Zcash and Dash increasing by 6% and 4% respectively, but Monero is most successful due to its ironclad anonymity, i.e. ring signatures, stealth addresses, and RingCT that make transactions completely impossible to trace. With the growing number of data breaches and regulatory overkill, the use of XMR in secret business is attracting marginalised capital to nervous investors, leaving unstable majors.

Fluorine Fermi Upgrade Bolsters Defences: Monero Fortifies Against Spy Nodes and Quantum Shadows

The technical leadership of Monero improved further in October, as the Fluorine Fermi hard fork was released, introducing CLI version 0.18.4.3 to the network, improving the peer selection algorithms and protecting users against pervasive spy nodes that undermine the network.

It is one of the key updates of the 2025 development roadmap that increases resistance to selective transaction tracing by 40% so even advanced adversaries cannot deanonymize flows. Developers heralded it as a privacy multiplier, especially at a time when the U.S.-China tariff war has intensified and caused concerns about cyber-espionage, with the use of state-backed node probes surging 25% in Q4.

In the future, the future FCMP++ protocol in 2026 is expected to offer quantum-resistant cryptography to overcome elliptic curve vulnerabilities, which in the future would attack the older wallets. The 0.6 XMR/block tail emission model used by Monero makes it even more ingrained into its scarcity narrative, where a total of more than 18.4 million coins are already in circulation.

These innovations are still underwritten by community-funded projects such as a $925,000 war chest fundraised earlier this year, a point that further drives the ethos of decentralisation of the project. Monero is constructing obfuscation walls, as one of its key advocates stressed, in a world of glass ledgers, and the current price movement has confirmed to the market the importance of fortitude.

Mining Drama Eases: Qubic’s 51% Grip Loosens as P2Pool Reclaims 45% Hashrate Share

The spectre of centralisation that had plagued Monero in August faded today, as the dominance of Qubic Pool, which had reached a high of 51% of hashrate through the use of strong incentives of up to 7000 dollars a day, dropped to 38% after protocol amendments and a movement of miners.

The decentralised variant, P2Pool, took over the leading share to 45% and levelled the playing field and extinguished the fear of orphaned blocks or chain reorganisations, which caused Kraken to freeze XMR deposits in the short term.

Community incentives and RandomX algorithm optimisation have led to this change, which has made the network security stable with average block times remaining consistent at 2 minutes.

It is observed by on-chain sleuths that the number of attempts at solo mining increased by 12% after its adjustment, which indicates a resurgence of confidence in hardware operators. The reinstitution of full trading pairs by exchanges such as KuCoin or Gate.io unlocked 45 million dollars of stagnant liquidity.

Although Qubic did not succeed in raising awareness, its campaign, headed by the co-founder of IOTA, Sergey Ivancheglo, did highlight vulnerabilities and served to boost the pace at which the ASIC-resistant tweaks are adopted. The hashrate currently remains at 3.2 GH/s, 18% higher than the previous month as GPU miners return in the hope that XMR will act like a post-halving, similar to its special emission curve.

Institutional Whispers and Circular Economy Push: New Hampshire Leads Monero Adoption Charge

Online traction is provided by the booming New Hampshire Monero circular economy with local business establishments, such as coffee shops and hardware stores, currently integrating with XMR through point-of-sale integrations, handling close to 2.5 million in monthly transactions.

The crypto division of the Free State Project introduced a $500,000 grant fund to privacy-conscious startups and received 47 applications to incorporate Monero into anonymity technologies in their supply chain. This grassroots surge is in line with world trends: Trusphere November platform expansion also features XMR-native scam reporting, and Soverium quantum-resistant launch is also a nod to the Monero heritage.

Wholesomely, rumours of over-the-counter desks by companies such as Cumberland injecting XMR liquidity pools have swirled, which could inject up to $100million in the next quarter.

With larger Bitcoin ETF withdrawals in general, privacy coins such as Monero have avoided the delisting filing exodus; some of their counterparts have fallen victim to AML regulation, not due to non-security status as Monero does under emerging SEC regulations. According to Chainalysis, Latin American remittances through the Monero corridors reached a high of 150 million every month because the users bypassable fiat rails.

Price Forecasts Bullish: $480 Spike or Retaliation to $340? Analysts Divided on the Future of XMR

Monero predictions are varying but more positive towards the end of November. According to the Cryptopolitan and Changelly, bullish models predict a sprint to a price of 480 driven by the rounding bottom confirmation, and privacy rotation, with an end-of-year price of 756, with regulatory clarity of anonymous assets expected in 2026.

WalletInvestor predicts a growth of $500 by Q1 2026, based on an average 7.2-year historical growth in November and an increase in dark pool demand. This is facilitated by technicals: technical support at the 50-day moving average of $352 is strong, and MACD histograms have turned positive since October was the last time.

Sceptics do warn of a macro-induced de-peak to $340 in case the death cross in Bitcoin pulls the alts down. CoinEdition cautions that it reaches an impetus halting point at $400, and Elliott Wave theory notes that the corrective wave will precede the subsequent impulse.

Risks of mining exist, albeit reduced, and quantum FUD may be used to limit upside without the delivery of FCMP+. Nevertheless, 126% YTD returns are better than those of Bitcoin (45%), and XMR has a positive risk-reward skew in contrarian terms.

Price Forecasts Bullish: $480 Peak or Pullback to $340? Analysts Split on XMR’s Next Move

The ecosystem of Monero is not even within the storm. The market volumes of darknet markets, an important XMR application, have increased by 9% whilst the TVL of DeFi privacy wrappers, such as Tornado Cash forks, has grown by 15% even as the crypto has been in decline.

Others, such as Zcash, are also lagging behind with shielded adoption at 22%, which highlights the advantage Monero has in default anonymity. Regulatory tail winds: MiCA carve-outs of non-custodial privacy tools by the EU have the potential to open $50 billion of institutional flows by 2027.

Still, it has not been a breeze: in high-compliance jurisdictions such as Japan, exchange bans restrict availability, and the debate on scalability is aflame preceding Seraphis upgrades. The two-sided nature of community aggression in forums, which drives innovation, leads to the scaring away of new people.

With the daylight of November 21 having passed, Monero is still holding on to $365, a go-it-alone upsurge amidst the ocean of red. To privacy absolutists, this is no speculation, but sovereignty coded. Crypto’s greatest unravelling: XMR mumbles an undying mantra, real value lies in the shadows.

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